Types of Braking System

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How the braking system differentiated?

                        The braking systems are differed by the elements that are used to apply brake force. To make variable brake forces different elements are used in industries. Here we list out the major braking systems used in the industries.

  • Mechanical braking system.
  • Hydraulic braking system.
  • Pneumatic braking system.
  • Electromagnetic braking system.




1. Mechanical braking system:

         In the mechanical braking system, moving parts are used to carry the brake force. The brake force is used to make friction between the two parts. Friction makes the rotation energy-reduced, by converting it into heat.

Rotation energy(of wheels) - Friction(mechanically) = Braking.

The rotation energy(of the wheels) is reduced by converted into heat and other forms of energy with the help of friction.


Drum brake:

       Drum brakes are the braking system that uses the concept of a mechanical braking system. Here ceramic pads (semi-metallic pads) rub the drum surface which is connected with the wheels. This will make the friction between the brake pad and drum surface.

The friction between the brake pad and drum surface converts the rotational energy into heat energy.

By this method rotation energy of the wheel is reduced or stopped. Most braking systems use this same method, but here the mechanical parts are used to carry the force!.

Advantages:

  • Simpler design.
  • Easy to maintenance.
  • Less expensive.
Disadvantages:

  • Excessive heat causes drum wear and tear.
  • Energy loss in form of heat.


2. Hydraulic braking system:


The hydraulic braking system uses oils to carry the braking force instead of mechanical parts. Unlike mechanical parts brake oil multiply the brake force.

When the brake pedal was pressed, the hydraulic oil carried the brake force to the caliper piston. The piston triggered and presses the disk using pads.

These are the pads that make the friction by converting the rotational energy of the wheel since the disk is connected with the wheels. 

Disc brake:

           The disc brake is a popular brake system that uses the absolute concept of a hydraulic braking system. Here the brake pads use to rub against the disk to create friction. The pads use the hydraulic piston force to rub. Brake oil is the carrier of force.

Disc brakes have advanced brake methods too. like,

  • Anti-locking braking system (ABS).
  • Cornering ABS.
Advantages:

  • Less moving parts.
  • Longer life.
  • High-efficiency braking.
Disadvantages:

  • More complicated than drum brakes.
  • High price.

3. Pneumatic braking system:


Pneumatic braking is mostly used for heavy axle vehicles. The air is the carrier of the brake force. Pressurized air is used to multiply the braking force with the help of a boost kit.

The air compressor in the vehicle is used to compress the air and store it in the barrel. This air is multiplied by the brake force with the help of a booster and applied to the piston which triggers the brake pads to rub against the drum surface.

The brake pad is made friction which will reduce the rotation energy by the function of conversion. These braking systems have high-efficiency braking which will be used for heavy vehicles.

Advantages:

  • High-efficiency braking.
  • Used for heavy vehicles.
  • Durability.

Disadvantages:

  • Excessive heat, vibration, and noise.
  • High cost.

4. Electromagnetic braking system:


This braking system is widely used in high load actuators and cars as an auxiliary brake. These brakes use the magnetic field as a brake force carrier.

When the brake applies the magnetic force is used to engage the friction materials. The variable resistance is used to control the flow of current to make different magnetic strengths.

The friction material used to reduce the rotational energy and converted it into heat. The friction material lies on both sides of the rotation-stationary parts. These are required for actuators like trains, saws, power tools, elevators, medical machines and etc...

Advantages:

  • High-efficiency braking with time.
  • Low noise and heat.
  • Used in high load actuators(trains).
  • Easy to use.

Disadvantages:

  • High cost.
  • Complicated to maintenance.




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