TYPES OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

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What is a transmission system?

                           Transmission is a mechanical device that is used to transfer the power from the engine to the differential with variable torque.

What can a transmission do?

                      A transmission can deliver variable torque, variable speed, and can change the vehicle operating direction. Basically, the transmission uses gears and clutches to multiply the energy given by the engine to give torque.

Is a transmission necessary?

             Yes, Because IC engines have limited the power delivery system. This means at certain speed torque will reduce and at certain torque reduces the speed too.

  • The torque is inversely proportional to speed!.

Here, we are going to list out and see the functions of,

  1. Manual transmission.
  2. Automatic transmission. (AT)
  3. Continuous variable transmission. (CVT)
  4. Dual-clutch transmission. (DCT)
  5. Automatic manual transmission. (AMT)



1. Manual Transmission:


    Manual transmission is a raw mechanical device, where the gear change is done by the driver(motorist) only. These multi-speed transmissions give various torque by selecting various gears. Each gear is having a different no of teeth.

These are common for all gear selectors, less no of gear tooth give high speed, more no of gear tooth give high torque.

Example:

          1st gear - more no of teeth.

  • High torque.
  • Low speed. 
          4th gear - Less no of teeth (compare to 1st)

  • Low torque.
  • High speed.
Advantages:

  • Low cost.
  • Simple design easy to maintain.
  • Reliable.
  • Fuel efficient.
Disadvantages:

  • Hard to drive.
  • Difficult for beginners.

2. Automatic Transmission(torque converter):


Automatic transmission or torque converter is basically a fluid power transmission system. It actually transfers the power with help of hydraulic fluid called ATF. 

Simply it has a lock-up clutch, turbine, pump, reactor, and obviously the ATF. When the pump rotates, the centrifugal force of the fluid also increases. This will rotates the turbine rapidly(output).

The reactor is used to multiply the force of fluid and return the fluid to the pump continuously. When the optimum speed is achieved the lock-up clutch is used to directly connect the engine output to the turbine.

Advantages:

  • Smooth gear shifting operation.
  • High torque can achieve.
  • Low wear and tear.
  • Reliable.

Disadvantages:

  • Heavy and large.
  • Slow shifting.
  • Low fuel efficiency. (loss of energy in fluid)
  • Expensive.

3. Continuous variable transmission (CVT):


Unlike other transmissions, CVT converts the energy using pulleys and belts. The power is simply transmitted by the belt which runs over by pair of pulleys.

The change in diameter of pulleys varies the torque and speeds. The diameter of the pulley is made by a moving pulley wall adjusted by a planetary gear unit. These units also helped to reverse the vehicle.

Lower diameter input pulley - higher diameter output pulley, makes the high starting torque and low speed.

Higher diameter input pulley - lower diameter output pulley, makes the high running speed and low torque.

Advantages:

  • Smoother gear transfer.
  • Lightweight.
  • High fuel efficiency.

Disadvantages:

  • Low-torque.
  • High cost.
  • High wear.

4. Dual-clutch Transmission (DCT):

Dual-clutch transmission having two clutches as per the name. The clutches always pre-engage the next gear by computing the level of acceleration.

The 1st clutch has odd gears(1st, 3rd, 5th) in control and the 2nd clutch has even gears(2nd, 4th, and reverse) in control. The level of acceleration is computed by an ECU unit.

Example:

       If you are in 2nd gear,

  • Higher acceleration pre-engage the 3rd gear.
  • Lower acceleration pre-engages the 1st gear.
By these methods, fast gear shifting is possible. For this, it is mostly used in sports and performance vehicles.

Advantages:

  • Faster gear swifter.
  • Smoother operation.
  • Lightweight.

Disadvantages:

  • More expensive.
  • Not as reliable.
  • Complicated design.


5. Automated Manual Transmission(AMT):


Automated manual transmission is a hybrid manual transmission. Where it has a manual transmission but it is controlled by an ECU unit.

Electronic solenoids and electric motors work under the vehicle's ECU unit. Which choose when to gear up and down in the transmission. The clutch pedal is replaced by a circuit unit with mechanical actuators.


Advantages:

  • Fuel efficient.
  • Easy to use.
  • Lightweight.
  • Simpler to manufacture.

Disadvantages:

  • Not as smooth swift.
  • Complex to repair.
Other than these transmissions, a commonly used transmission is called a sequential manual.
These are widely used in drag race cars and they have the fastest shifting time in our transmission list.




*(Readers are requested to leave their command if they wish!)

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